This resource provides clear explanations of how switching regulators work and how voltage boosting is achieved efficiently ...

The first thing I ever built without a kit was a 5 V regulated power supply using the old LM309K. That’s a classic linear regulator like a 7805. While they are simple, they waste a lot of energy as ...

Using eight digital inputs, this circuit simplifies decoding of the common membrane 4x4 keypad matrix and eliminates the traditional requirement of scanning rows or columns. Any X-Y switch matrix, ...

Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

As the number of Power Over Ethernet (PoE) powered device (PD) applications grows, market pressures are driving designers to lower the cost and complexity of the DC-DC converters that power them, ...

Most modern electronic devices consist of several key components: transistors, capacitors, resistors, inductors and diodes. Often, they are supplemented by additional components like crystals and ...

Author’s note: This article shows how to derive circuit gain equations via a signal flow graph. With practice you may be able to write a gain equation by locating signal paths and loops in the ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

For simple circuits, it’s easy enough to grab a breadboard and start putting it together. Breadboards make it easy to check your circuit for mistakes before soldering together a finished product. But ...

"Basic Pneumatic Schematics and Circuit Design" provides an overview of different common pneumatic schematic symbols, including air treatment symbols; pressure, flow, and direction valve symbols; and ...